2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Immunology/Inflammation
  4. NOD-like Receptor (NLR)

NOD-like Receptor (NLR)

NOD-like Receptor (NLR)

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Nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are critical cytoplasmic pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that play an important role in the host innate immune response and immunity homeostasis. There are 23 NLR family members in humans and at least 34 NLR genes in mice. NLRs are expressed in many cell types including immune cells and epithelial cells, although certain NLR family members are expressed primarily in phagocytes including macrophages and neutrophils. The NLR family are most commonly classified according to their N-terminal domain, falling into one of four subfamilies; NLRA, NLRB, NLRC and NLRP.

The NLRs recognize various ligands from microbial pathogens (peptidoglycan, flagellin, viral RNA, fungal hyphae, etc.), host cells (ATPs, cholesterol crystals, uric acid, etc.), and environmental sources (alum, asbestos, silica, alloy particles, UV radiation, skin irritants, etc.). Most NLRs act as PRRs, recognizing the above ligands and activate inflammatory responses. However, some NLRs may not act as PRRs but instead respond to cytokines such as interferons. The activated NLRs show various functions that can be divided into four broad categories: inflammasome formation, signaling transduction, transcription activation, and autophagy.

NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Isoform Specific Products:

NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-100712
    DPO-1
    		Inhibitor 98.39%
    DPO-1 is a potent Kv1.5 and Kv1.3 (EC50 = 3.1 μM) channels inhibitor with potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. DPO-1 reduces Kv1.3 current density, blunts Ca2+ influx in Ca2+-depleted Jurkat cells, and inhibits IL-2 secretion in activated Jurkat cells. DPO-1 inhibits Uric acid sodium (HY-B2130A) (MSU)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by blocking Kv1.5-mediated K+ efflux. DPO-1 can be used for the study of immunologic disorders and atrial fibrillation.
    DPO-1
  • HY-164304
    INF 195
    		Inhibitor 99.58%
    INF 195 is an NLRP3 inhibitor. INF 195 can inhibit NLRP3 driven macrophage pyroptosis and IL-1β release, with an EC50 value of 0.15 μM. INF 195 can reduce the infarct size of isolated mouse hearts at low doses, effectively preventing myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
    INF 195
  • HY-B2176I
    ATP disodium salt, 100 mM Solution, PCR Grade
    		Activator
    ATP (Adenosine 5'-triphosphate) disodium salt, 100 mM Solution, PCR Grade is a central component of energy storage and metabolism in vivo. ATP disodium salt, 100 mM Solution, PCR Grade provides the metabolic energy to drive metabolic pumps and serves as a coenzyme in cells. ATP disodium salt, 100 mM Solution, PCR Grade is an important endogenous signaling molecule in immunity and inflammation. ATP disodium salt, 100 mM Solution, PCR Grade can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and induce IL-1β and chemokines secretion. ATP disodium salt, 100 mM Solution, PCR Grade has anti-bacterial infection effects and can protect mice against bacterial infection in mice.
    ATP disodium salt, 100 mM Solution, PCR Grade
  • HY-N6893
    Ergolide
    		Inhibitor 99.48%
    Ergolide is an orally active dual inhibitor targeting NF-κB/p65 and NLRP3. Ergolide blocks the NF-κB signaling pathway and the nuclear translocation of p65, and irreversibly binds to the NACHT domain of NLRP3 to inhibit inflammasome assembly. Ergolide significantly reduces the production of inflammatory mediators (e.g., NO, PGE2) and cytokines, induces cancer cell apoptosis, autophagy and ROS generation. Ergolide also enhances the anti-tumor effect of vincristine. Ergolide alleviates acute lung injury via an NLRP3-dependent mechanism, and effectively improves the survival rate and behavioral function of septic mice and inflammatory zebrafish models. Ergolide is used in the research of metastatic uveal melanoma, neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease), sepsis and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
    Ergolide
  • HY-16569R
    Colchicine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Colchicine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Colchicine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Colchicine, an orally active alkaloid, is a potent tubulin inhibitor and a microtubule disrupting agent. Colchicine inhibits microtubule polymerization with an IC50 of 3 nM. Colchicine is also a competitive antagonist of the α3 glycine receptors (GlyRs). Colchicine prevents non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced small intestinal injury by inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Colchicine has extensive anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and strong anti-fibrosis effects and has the potential for gouty arthritis research.
    Colchicine (Standard)
  • HY-150206
    NLRP3-IN-13
    		Inhibitor 98.03%
    NLRP3-IN-13 (Compound C77 in reference patent) is a selective and potent NLRP3 inhibitor (IC50: 2.1 μM). NLRP3-IN-13 inhibits NLRP3 andNLRC4 inflammasomes, and inhibits NLRP3-mediated IL-1β production. NLRP3-IN-13 also inhibits NLRP3 ATPase activity. NLRP3-IN-13 can be used in the research of neuroinflammatory disorders.
    NLRP3-IN-13
  • HY-N0699
    Daphnoretin
    		Inhibitor 99.83%
    Daphnoretin (Dephnoretin; Thymelol) is a protein kinase C (PKC) activator that inhibits the expression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) and exhibits antiviral activity. Daphnoretin exerts its antitumor effects by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and triggers the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Daphnoretin alleviates chondrocyte apoptosis and inflammatory responses by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Daphnoretin regulates the differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells, inhibits their immunostimulatory function by downregulating the phosphorylation level of JNK, and thus exerts a protective effect in skin graft rejection.
    Daphnoretin
  • HY-171820
    NLRP3-IN-80
    		Inhibitor 99.43%
    NLRP3-IN-80 (Compound 1) is an NLRP3 inhibitor that can be used for the study of inflammaging.
    NLRP3-IN-80
  • HY-P2310
    Defensin HNP-1 human
    		Activator 98.12%
    Defensin HNP-1 human is a type of human neutrophil peptide (HNPs). Defensin HNP-1 human possesses immunomodulatory functions and can delay the apoptosis of neutrophils. Defensin HNP-1 human inhibits DNA/RNA/protein synthesis and interferes with metabolic pathways, thus exhibiting broad antibacterial activity. Defensin HNP-1 human has direct inactivation effects on HIV, HSV-1, HSV-2, CMV, influenza virus, etc. Defensin HNP-1 human has antileishmanial activity. Defensin HNP-1 human is involved in endothelial cell dysfunction during the early development of atherosclerosis.
    Defensin HNP-1 human
  • HY-N3242
    Moronic acid
    		Inhibitor 98.6%
    Moronic Acid is a triterpenoid compound, which is an orally available anti-HIV agent with anti-inflammatory activity. Moronic Acid can inhibit viral replication, with an EC50 value of <1 μg/mL. Moronic Acid can be isolated from Brazilian propolis.
    Moronic acid
  • HY-154795
    Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate hydrate
    		Inhibitor 99.81%
    Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate hydrate is the active component found in licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra). Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate hydrate exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, and attenuates the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rats.
    Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate hydrate
  • HY-101868
    INF39
    		Inhibitor 99.84%
    INF39 is an irreversible and noncytotoxic NLRP3 inhibitor.
    INF39
  • HY-153261
    NLRP3-IN-17
    		Inhibitor 99.02%
    NLRP3-IN-17 is a potent, selective and orally active NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor with an IC50 value of 7 nM. NLRP3-IN-17 significantly inhibits NLRP3 dependent IL-1β secretion in mice and can be used for chronic inflammatory diseases research.
    NLRP3-IN-17
  • HY-N2485
    4'-Methoxyresveratrol
    		Activator 99.48%
    4'-Methoxyresveratrol (4'-O-Methylresveratrol) is a polyphenol derived from Dipterocarpaceae, with antiandrogenic, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities. 4'-Methoxyresveratrol alleviates AGE-induced inflammation through suppressing RAGE-mediated MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
    4'-Methoxyresveratrol
  • HY-120007
    JC124
    		Inhibitor 99.72%
    JC124 is a specific NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor. JC124 has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.
    JC124
  • HY-W158030
    2-Guanidinobezimidazole
    		Agonist
    2-Guanidinobezimidazole (2GBI) is a NLRP3 agonist with a KD of 1.29 μM and a selective state-dependent HVCN1 blocker. 2-Guanidinobezimidazole directly binds NLRP3’s LRR domain, enhances NLRP3-ASC and NLRP3-NEK7 interactions, and drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation. 2-Guanidinobezimidazole can be used for the research of LLC lung carcinoma, B16F10 melanoma and ischemic stroke.
    2-Guanidinobezimidazole
  • HY-B1239
    Drofenine hydrochloride
    		98.10%
    Drofenine (Cycloadiphene; Hexahydroadiphenine) hydrochloride is an brain-penetrant antispasmodic agent. Drofenine hydrochloride is a Kv2.1 channel inhibitor with human IC50 of 9.53 μM. Drofenine hydrochloride is a butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitor with Ki of 0.003 mM, and is a TRPV3 activator. Drofenine hydrochloride blocks Kv2.1-dependent potassium efflux, inhibits Kv2.1/JNK/NF-κB and IkBa/NF-kB signaling, suppresses Kv2.1 mRNA/protein expression. Drofenine suppresses oligomeric Aβ-induced microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation and neuronal Tau hyperphosphorylation, improves cognitive impairment, promotes neurite outgrowth. Drofenine hydrochloride induces calcium influx in keratinocytes and exert cytotoxicity against keratinocytes. Drofenine hydrochloride ameliorates diabetic peripheral neuropathy -like pathology. Drofenine hydrochloride can be used for the researches of Alzheimer's disease, diabetic peripheral neuropathy and smooth muscle spasm.
    Drofenine hydrochloride
  • HY-W010056
    Diethyl fumarate
    		Inhibitor 98.97%
    Diethyl fumarate is a decomposition product of Malathion 9 (a pesticide) and reactant in the Diels-Alder reaction. Diethyl fumarate is a reputed skin irritant. Diethyl fumarate can causes non-immunologic contact urticaria on skin. Diethyl fumarate and Curcumin (HY-N0005) hybridize to exert neuroprotective effects.
    Diethyl fumarate
  • HY-P990781
    Suciraslimab
    		Inhibitor
    Suciraslimab (SM03) is an anti-human CD22 monoclonal antibody. Suciraslimab inhibits NLRP3 and ASC signaling. Suciraslimab suppresses cytokine (IL-1β, IL-12, IL-23) secretion and α4 integrin expression. Suciraslimab improves working memory and neuroinflammation. Suciraslimab isotype control product: Human IgG1 kappa, Isotype Control (HY-P99001).
    Suciraslimab
  • HY-W019670R
    N4-Acetylcytidine (Standard)
    		Activator
    N4-acetylcytidine (N4A) is an endogenous nucleoside metabolite from the degradation of tRNA. N4-Acetylcytidine is formed by N-acetyltransferase 10 and other enzymes. N4-acetylcytidine might sustain NLRP3 inflammasome activation via induction of HMGB1 expression and releasee. N4-Acetylcytidine modifies mRNA, tRNA and rRNA, affecting their stability, translation efficiency (such as enterovirus 71 RNA). N4-Acetylcytidine is used in the study of cancer, neuroinflammatory diseases, viral infections and obesity.
    N4-Acetylcytidine (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
NOD-like Receptor (NLR) Isoform Comparison

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